anticonvulsants
Treatment for Cluster Headache
Anticonvulsants like topiramate and valproate modulate neuronal excitability by enhancing GABA-mediated inhibition and reducing glutamate-mediated excitation, thereby stabilizing neuronal membranes and suppressing abnormal neuronal firing associated with cluster headache pathogenesis. These medications reduce neurogenic inflammation, decrease neuronal hyperexcitability, and modify pain signal transmission in the trigeminal system, ultimately decreasing the frequency and intensity of cluster headache episodes.