beta blockers
Treatment for Cluster Headache
Beta blockers, such as propranolol, reduce neuronal excitability and vascular reactivity by antagonizing β-adrenergic receptors, which can help modulate the sympathetic nervous system's response associated with cluster headache pathogenesis. By blocking these receptors, beta blockers decrease catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction and modulate pain signaling, potentially reducing the frequency and intensity of cluster headache episodes.