Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer that acts primarily by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, which reduces neuronal excitability and stabilizes neuronal membranes. In cluster headache treatment, it helps modulate pain signaling pathways and can decrease the frequency and intensity of attacks by suppressing abnormal neuronal firing in trigeminal and autonomic circuits. Its effectiveness stems from its ability to reduce neurogenic inflammation and dampen aberrant neuronal excitation associated with cluster headache pathophysiology.