Monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor, such as galcanezumab and fremanezumab, work by specifically binding and neutralizing CGRP, a key neuropeptide involved in pain signaling and neurogenic inflammation in cluster headaches. By blocking CGRP's action, these antibodies reduce neurogenic vasodilation, decrease inflammatory processes, and modulate pain transmission, thereby potentially reducing the frequency and severity of cluster headache episodes.