Sodium valproate acts as a neuronal membrane stabilizer, modulating GABAergic neurotransmission and reducing neuronal excitability in the trigeminal and hypothalamic regions associated with cluster headache pathogenesis. By potentially inhibiting glutamate release and enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission, it helps reduce the frequency and intensity of cluster headache episodes through its broad-spectrum anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing properties.