Topiramate is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer that acts primarily by modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission through AMPA and kainate receptor antagonism and enhancing GABA-ergic inhibition. In Visual Snow Syndrome, it is hypothesized to reduce cortical hyperexcitability and neural hyperactivity, potentially alleviating the persistent visual disturbances by stabilizing neuronal membrane potential and reducing abnormal cortical signaling.